Gearhardt, A. N., et al. (2014). The association of “food addiction” with disordered eating and body mass index. Eat Behav, 15(3), 427–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.05.001

From the clinical study’s results: “FA was higher in participants with BN than in those with binge eating disorder (BED). “Food addiction” continued to be related to clinically relevant variables, especially elevated BMI, even when participants did not meet criteria for BED or BN.”