McLeod A, Schiffer L, Castellanos K, DeMott A, Olender S, Fitzgibbon M, Hughes S, Fantuzzi G, Tussing-Humphreys L. Impact of Physical Activity and Weight Loss on Fat Mass, Glucose Metabolism, and Inflammation in Older African Americans with Osteoarthritis. Nutrients. 2020 Oct 28;12(11):3299. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113299 PMID: 33126555 Results show that an 8 week (24 session) PA plus weight loss intervention (F&S!+) in older, overweight and obese AAs with osteoarthritis can produce decreases in body fat and VAT that are significantly greater than the changes produced by the PA intervention (F&S!) alone. This finding is consistent with previous studies comparing the effects of PA versus PA plus weight loss on body fat and body fat distribution in older adults [37,38,47–49]. However, unlike previous studies, our findings are from a primarily African American cohort. Contrary to our hypothesis, the F&S!+ intervention was not superior in regard to improving inflammation or glucose metabolism-related biomarkers compared to F&S!. Nonetheless, within groups, we saw a significant reduction in fasting serum insulin and HOMA-IR in FNS!+, and a significant reduction in TNF-α in the F&S! group postintervention Study link
Considering Food Addiction through a cultural lens
Lawson, J.L.; Wiedemann, A.A.; Carr, M.M.; Kerrigan, S.G. Considering Food Addiction through a cultural lens. Curr. Addict.Rep.2020,7, 387–394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-020-00315-x . Epub 2020 Sep 16 Research suggests that cultural factors influence eating behaviors; however, little is known about therelationship between food addiction and culture. This narrative review aimed to (i) review theoretically related work on the relationship between sociocultural demographic variables, food cravings, and eating disorders; (ii) review the available literature assessing cultural aspects of food addiction, specifically the rates of food addiction across the globe and notable differences in relevant sociodemographic variables: race, ethnicity, gender, and acculturation level; (iii) discuss the potential impact of culture on the current understanding of food addiction and future research directions emphasizing the inclusion of socioculturalvariables Study link
Food Addiction and psychiatric comorbidities a review of current evidence
Piccinni, A., Bucchi, R., Fini, C., Vanelli, F., Mauri, M., Stallone, T. , Cavallo, E. D. , & Claudio, C.(2020). Food Addiction and psychiatric comorbidities: a review of current evidence. Eat Weight Disord. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-01021-3 FA should be considered a sort of transnosological construct existing in different sychopathological domains that have similarities with substance-related, affective, and eating disorders. Furthermore, FA seems to be likely an important factor related to several psychopathological dimensions, but further studies are needed to clarify this view. 10.1007@s40519-020-01021-3 .pdf
Food Addiction and psycho-physiological condition in patients with type 2 diabetes
Kawada, T. (2020). Food Addiction and psycho-physiological condition in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol, 1271¯1272• https://doi.org/10.10007/s00592-020-01583-9 Letter to the editor kawada2020 .pdf
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Meets Virtual Reality The Potential of Integrating Brain Stimulation With a Simulative Technology for Food Addiction
Stramba-Badiale, C., Mancuso, V., Cavedoni, S., Pedroli, E., Cipresso, P. , & Riva, G. (2020). Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Meets Virtual Reality: The Potential of Integrating Brain Stimulation With a Simulative Technology for Food Addiction. Frontiers in neuroscience, 14, 720. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00720 Discussion piece, not actual research stramba-badiale2020 .pdf
Effect of Diet on Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Shang Y, Zhou H, Hu M, Feng H. Effect of Diet on Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Oct 1;105(10):dgaa425. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa425 PMID: 32621748 Overall, our findings suggest that diet is an effective, acceptable and safe intervention for relieving IR, and professional dietary advice should be offered to all PCOS patients. Based on this review, our results suggest that diet benefits IR and weight management in women with PCOS. The DASH diet and calorie-restricted diets might be the optimal choices for reducing IR and improving weight management. Additionally, the effects were associated with the course of treatment. Overall, diet is an effective, acceptable and safe intervention, providing options for patients who cannot tolerate the gastrointestinal side effects induced by metformin. However, due to the limited number of studies and the small sample size included, the results should be interpreted with caution. shang2020 .pdf
An evaluation of Food Addiction as a distinct psychiatric disorder
Schulte, E. M., Wadden, T. A., & Allison, K. C. (2020). An evaluation of Food Addiction as a distinct psychiatric disorder. Int J Eat Disord. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23350 Two of the criteria (literature and differentiation) have been empirically supported to extent specified. Two criteria (diagnostic criteria and syndrome) have been partially fulfilled, due to only having self-report assessment measures and no examination of the odds ratios for meeting more than one symptom, respectively. Clinician reliability has not yet been evaluated.The existing literature suggests that Food Addiction may warrant consideration as a proposed diagnostic category in the DSM, though future research is needed to fulfill Blashfield et al.’s (1990; Comprehensive Psychiatry, 31(1), 15–19) criteria. The development of a semi-structured interview would be an impactful contribution for addressing these gaps. Link
Brain-gut-microbiome interactions in obesity and Food Addiction
Gupta, A., Osadchiy, V., & Mayer, E. A. (2020). Brain-gut-microbiome interactions in obesity and Food Addiction. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 17(11), 655-672. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575020-0341-5 “In this Review, we propose a systems biology model of brain-gut-microbiome interactions, which incorporates published reports on Food Addiction, and provides novel insights into treatment targets aimed at each level of the BGM axis.” 10.1038@s41575-020-0341-5 .pdf
Low carbohydrate ketogenic therapy as a metabolic treatment for binge eating and ultraprocessed food addiction
Sethi Dalai, S., Sinha, A., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2020). Low carbohydrate ketogenic therapy as a metabolic treatment for binge eating and ultraprocessed food addiction. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity, 27(5), 275—282.https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.00000000000005711 Binge eating and ultra-processed food addiction symptoms may be a result of changes in neurobiological and metabolic pathways triggered by specific foods, particularly processed foods with high levels of refined carbohydrates combined with fat. New keys to treating these modern-day illnesses of disordered eating may lie in avoiding unnatural levels of sugar in ultra-processed foods, refined carbohydrates and high glycemic index foods. This would in turn prevent unnecessary blood glucose spikes and dips, insulin fluctuations and other metabolic hormones that play a large role in the development of binge eating/overeating, exacerbations of hunger and addictive-like neurochemical andbehavioural responses. These conditions are associated with numerous metabolic abnormalities, including inflammation, insulin resistance, obesity and T2DM. The ketogenic diet has been shown to be an effective treatment for obesity, T2DM and paediatric epilepsy. Several advantages of a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet include beneficial effects onbrain metabolism, appetite-satiety signalling, neurotransmission and stabilization of brain networks and blood sugar. sethidalai2020lowcarb .pdf
Relationship of IGF-1 and IGF-Binding Proteins to Disease Severity and Glycemia in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Stanley TL, Fourman LT, Zheng I, McClure CM, Feldpausch MN, Torriani M, Corey KE, Chung RT, Lee H, Kleiner DE, Hadigan CM, Grinspoon SK Relationship of IGF-1 and IGF-Binding Proteins to Disease Severity and Glycemia in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jan 23;106(2):e520-e533. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa792 PMID: 33125080 Clinical Trial. Hepatic IGF1 mRNA was significantly lower in individuals with higher steatosis and NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) and was inversely related to glucose parameters, independent of circulating IGF-1. Among the IGFBP‟s, IGFBP2 and IGFBP4 were lower and IGFBP6 and IGFBP7 (also known as IGFBP-related protein 1) higher with increasing steatosis. Hepatic IGFBP6 and IGFBP7 mRNA were positively associated with NAS. IGFBP7 mRNA increased with increasing fibrosis. Hepatic IGFBP1 mRNA was inversely associated with glycemia and insulin resistance, with opposite relationships present for IGFBP3 and IGFBP7. GHRH increased circulating IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3, but decreased IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-6. These data demonstrate novel relationships of IGF-1 and IGFBPs with NAFLD severity and glucose control, with divergent roles seen for different IGFBPs. Moreover, the data provide new information on the complex effects of GHRH on IGFBPs. stanley2020 .pdf