Karakaya, D., & Ozgur, G. (2019). Effect of a Solution-Focused Approach on Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem in Turkish Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services, 57(11), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20190708-01 From the study’s abstract: “After the interventions, differences were noted between groups with time, self-efficacy, and self-esteem, with increases in self-efficacy and self-esteem. Significant differences were found between postintervention and follow-up scores.”
Dietary intake, food addiction and nutrition knowledge in young people with mental illness
Teasdale, S. B., Burrows, T. L., Hayes, T., Hsia, C. Y., Watkins, A., Curtis, J., & Ward, P. B. (2020). Dietary intake, food addiction and nutrition knowledge in young people with mental illness. Nutrition & Dietetics, 77(3), 315-322. https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12550 From the research article’s abstract: “Aim: The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess dietary intake, nutrition knowledge and food addiction in young people with mental illness. Methods: This was a three-arm cross-sectional study of 16–25-year-olds attending community mental health services who met criteria for: (i) first-episode psychosis (FEP), (ii) ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) or (iii) depression/anxiety. Participants self-completed three validated questionnaires: (i) Australian Eating Survey, (ii) General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire—Revised and (iii) Yale Food Addiction Score Questionnaire. Results: Thirty participants (mean age 19.7 ± 2.5 years) completed the study (10 per study arm); 43% of the energy intake was obtained from energy-dense, non-nutritious foods, higher than the recommended upper limit (<15%) and the levels reported in the general population (35%).
Food Addiction Symptoms and Amygdala Response in Fasted and Fed States
Pursey, K. M., Contreras-Rodriguez, O., Collins, C. E., Stanwell, P., & Burrows, T. L. (2019). Food Addiction Symptoms and Amygdala Response in Fasted and Fed States. Nutrients, 11(6), 1285. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061285 From the research article’s abstract: “Few studies have investigated the underlying neural substrates of food addiction (FA) in humans using a recognised assessment tool. In addition, no studies have investigated subregions of the amygdala (basolateral (BLA) and central amygdala), which have been linked to reward-seeking behaviours, susceptibility to weight gain, and promoting appetitive behaviours, in the context of FA. This pilot study aimed to explore the association between FA symptoms and activation in the BLA and central amygdala via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in response to visual food cues in fasted and fed states. Females (n = 12) aged 18–35 years completed two fMRI scans (fasted and fed) while viewing high-calorie food images and low-calorie food images. Food addiction symptoms were assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale.
A Longitudinal Preliminary Study of Addiction-Like Responses to Food and Alcohol Consumption Among Individuals Undergoing Weight Loss Surgery
Murray, S. M., Tweardy, S., Geliebter, A., & Avena, N. M. (2019). A Longitudinal Preliminary Study of Addiction-Like Responses to Food and Alcohol Consumption Among Individuals Undergoing Weight Loss Surgery. Obesity Surgery, 29(8), 2700–2703. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-019-03915-3 From the research article’s abstract: “Reductions in addiction-like food behaviors and increases in alcohol intake have been reported after weight loss surgery. However, no studies have tracked these measures in combination and prospectively. In this preliminary study, 27 participants underwent bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (n = 10) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) (n = 6)), dietary weight loss (n = 6), or no treatment (n = 5). Participants were weighed, completed the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), and reported alcohol intake frequency before intervention and at 4 and 24 months after baseline. At 24 months, only the surgery group showed significant reductions in BMI. Between baseline and 24 months, YFAS scores decreased (p = .006) and alcohol intake increased in the surgery group (p = .005). Significant changes were not observed in the diet or no treatment groups.”
Relationship between Food Dependence and Nicotine Dependence in Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study of Staff and Students at Medical Colleges
Owari, Y., Miyatake, N., & Suzuki, H. (2019). Relationship between Food Dependence and Nicotine Dependence in Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study of Staff and Students at Medical Colleges. Medicina (Kaunas), 55(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050202 From the research article’s abstract: “Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nicotine dependence and food dependence in smokers. Smoking and obesity are both serious public health problems that give rise to diseases and increased medical expenses. Nicotine dependence is one of the sources of difficulty in smoking cessation, while food dependence is one of the causes of obesity. Materials and Methods: We examined the data of 72 (smoking vs. nonsmoking) and 62 (nicotine dependence vs. no nicotine dependence) subjects among 321 staff and students at medical colleges in Kagawa and Okayama prefectures in Japan. Results: There was a significant difference in food dependence (except women) between the smoking and nonsmoking groups (total: smoking 4.7 ± 6.1, nonsmoking 2.1 ± 2.0, p = 0.0411; men: smoking 4.0 ± 4.7, nonsmoking 2.0 ± 2.1, p = 0.0490).
Validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 Among a Bariatric Surgery Population
Clark, S. M., Martens, K., Smith-Mason, C. E., Hamann, A., & Miller-Matero, L. R. (2019). Validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 Among a Bariatric Surgery Population. Obes Surg, 29(9), 2923-2928. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-019-03927-z From the validation study’s abstract: “In this sample, 27.3% met criteria for ‘food addiction’ according to the YFAS 2.0. Of those, more than half met criteria for severe food addiction.”
Excessive Consumption of Sugar: an Insatiable Drive for Reward
Olszewski, P. K., Wood, E. L., Klockars, A., & Levine, A. S. (2019). Excessive Consumption of Sugar: an Insatiable Drive for Reward. Current Nutrition Reports, 8(2), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-019-0270-5 From the research article’s abstract: “Purpose of Review: Eating behavior provides energy to ensure proper functioning of the organism. Reward aids in seeking foods that bring energy and pleasant taste, whose consumption is safe. As evidenced by the obesity “epidemic” which largely stems from overeating, reward becomes a detriment when palatable tastants are available in unlimited quantities. This review presents recent evidence on mechanisms underlying palatability-driven excessive consumption of sugar. Recent Findings: Appetite for sugar is propelled by changes in the morphology and activity of the reward system reminiscent of addiction. Sugar intake also shifts the hunger-satiety continuum, facilitating initiation of consumption in the absence of energy needs and maintenance of feeding despite ingestion of large food loads that endanger homeostasis. Summary: Ingestion of excessive amounts of sugar relies on triggering mechanisms that promote addictive-like behaviors, and on overriding neuroendocrine signals that protect internal milieu.”
Validation of the Japanese Version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (J-YFAS 2.0)
Khine, M. T., Ota, A., Gearhardt, A. N., Fujisawa, A., Morita, M., Minagawa, A., Li, Y., Naito, H., & Yatsuya, H. (2019). Validation of the Japanese Version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (J-YFAS 2.0). Nutrients, 11(3), 687. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030687 From the research article’s abstract: “The Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) is used for assessing food addiction (FA). Our study aimed at validating its Japanese version (J-YFAS 2.0). The subjects included 731 undergraduate students. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the root-mean-square error of approximation, comparative fit index, Tucker–Lewis index, and standardized root-mean-square residual were 0.065, 0.904, 0.880, and 0.048, respectively, for a one-factor structure model. Kuder–Richardson α was 0.78. Prevalence of the J-YFAS 2.0-diagnosed mild, moderate, and severe FA was 1.1%, 1.2%, and 1.0%, respectively. High uncontrolled eating and emotional eating scores of the 18-item Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ R-18) (p < 0.001), a high Kessler Psychological Distress Scale score (p < 0.001), frequent desire to overeat (p = 0.007), and frequent snacking (p = 0.003) were associated with the J-YFAS 2.0-diagnosed FA presence. The scores demonstrated significant correlations with the J-YFAS 2.0-diagnosed FA symptom count (p < 0.01). The highest attained body mass index was associated with the J-YFAS 2.0-diagnosed FA symptom count (p = 0.026). The TFEQ R-18 cognitive restraint score was associated with the J-YFAS 2.0-diagnosed FA presence (p < 0.05) and symptom count (p < 0.001), but not with the J-YFAS 2.0-diagnosed FA severity. Like the YFAS 2.0 in other languages, the J-YFAS 2.0 has a one-factor structure and adequate convergent validity and reliability.”
Validation of the Japanese Version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (J-YFAS 2.0)
Khine, M. T., Ota, A., Gearhardt, A. N., Fujisawa, A., Morita, M., Minagawa, A., Li, Y., Naito, H., & Yatsuya, H. (2019). Validation of the Japanese Version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (J-YFAS 2.0). Nutrients, 11(3), 687. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030687 From the validation study’s abstract: “The J-YFAS 2.0 has a one-factor structure and adequate convergent validity and reliability. Prevalence of FA was 3.3% among undergraduate students.”
Disordered Eating Among Individuals with Excess Weight: a Review of Recent Research
Nightingale, B. A., & Cassin, S. E. (2019). Disordered Eating Among Individuals with Excess Weight: a Review of Recent Research. Current Obesity Reports, 8(2), 112–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-019-00333-5 From the research article’s abstract: “The purpose of this review was to examine different forms of disordered eating among individuals with excess weight, including their rates, correlates, and psychosocial treatments. Binge eating/binge eating disorder, loss of control eating, emotional eating, and food addiction are all fairly prevalent among individuals with excess weight. They appear to share many of the same correlates, including broader eating disorder psychopathology, body/shape/weight concerns, depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, and third-wave (e.g., acceptance, mindfulness) therapies appear effective in improving binge eating, loss of control eating, emotional eating, associated features (e.g., weight and shape concerns), and psychological distress (e.g., depression). Certain forms of disordered eating are elevated among individuals with excess weight, and psychosocial interventions have been found effective in improving symptomatology. Empirical research examining the efficacy of treatments for food addiction is lacking, and greatly needed given both its rate and controversy.”